Australia has started the Paedneo‑Vax trial, the first multisite pediatric study to evaluate individualized mRNA vaccines tailored to each child’s brain tumor. Funded by Providence Therapeutics with government and philanthropic support, the trial will test personalized neoantigen mRNA constructs in children with aggressive central nervous system malignancies. The study aims to assess safety, feasibility and early immune responses with individualized manufacturing and delivery workflows. Investigators view the program as a potential model for precision oncology in pediatric populations, addressing challenges in tumor heterogeneity and therapy tolerability.