The U.S. government, led by ARPA‑H, awarded funding to several teams to accelerate development of in‑vivo cell and gene therapies aimed at programming immune cells directly inside the body. ARPA‑H’s awards support projects that use lipid nanoparticles, gene editing and mRNA to create scalable, redosable in‑body therapies intended for cancer, autoimmune disease and other indications. The awards reflect a broader federal push to prioritize in‑vivo approaches—seen as more manufacturable and distributable than ex‑vivo cell therapies—and include both academic and industry collaborators. Funded projects and related federal grants signal a shift in public funding toward delivery technologies and manufacturing strategies that could lower the cost and complexity of next‑generation cell therapies.