Researchers integrated urine proteomics and metabolomics to develop diagnostic signatures for pulmonary tuberculosis, proposing a noninvasive approach that could complement sputum-based testing. The study identified panels of proteins and metabolites that differentiated active TB from controls with promising diagnostic accuracy in discovery cohorts. Authors emphasize urine-based assays could improve screening and monitoring in settings where sputum collection is challenging. They recommend independent validation across diverse populations and standardization of sample processing before clinical deployment, but position multi-omic urine profiling as a scalable route to faster TB diagnosis.