A UK‑led randomized clinical trial concluded that surfactant therapy provided no additional clinical advantage for infants with severe bronchiolitis who required mechanical ventilation. Investigators reported no improvement in primary outcomes when surfactant was added to standard care, casting doubt on broader adoption of the intervention for ventilated bronchiolitis cases. The trial furnishes clinicians and guideline committees with controlled evidence against routine surfactant use in this population and highlights the importance of randomized evaluation for repurposed neonatal interventions in older infants.