The UK’s life science sector is under increasing scrutiny as major companies like Merck exit research operations citing policy and market concerns. Trade groups including the ABPI warn that UK life sciences manufacturing investments lag behind global competitors, risking a contagion effect that could deter global investor interest. MHRA aims to bolster its role to enhance UK competitiveness. Meanwhile, policymakers and industry leaders debate regulatory and reimbursement hurdles, emphasizing the need for reforms to sustain innovation and patient access.