Researchers unveiled an intelligent design framework for adeno‑associated virus (AAV) vectors that respond to tumor microenvironment cues to improve targeting and infiltration into tumors. The team outlined engineering principles that tune AAV tropism and activity to pathophysiologic signals in the tumor microenvironment, potentially reducing off‑target expression and increasing therapeutic index. The framework advances preclinical vector design for oncology gene therapies and could inform industrial AAV programs. Clarification: AAVs are viral vectors commonly used to deliver genetic payloads in gene therapy.