Researchers created a publicly available tumor organoid biobank with multi-omics characterization and gene dependency mapping, aiming to close gaps left by traditional cancer cell lines. The resource includes 256 clinically annotated tumor organoids spanning colorectal, oesophageal, ovarian, pancreatic, and gastric cancers, with whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. The team further ran genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screens across 162 organoids to map gene dependencies and identify targetable vulnerabilities, including organoid-specific essential genes. In colorectal cancer examples, functional and pharmacological work interrogated the EGFR–RAS–MAPK axis and highlighted differential effects tied to KRAS variant alleles. For drug developers, the operational value is patient context plus actionable dependency biology, including comparisons across paired pre- and post-treatment samples to capture how tumors evolve under therapy pressure. The biobank’s open availability is intended to broaden mechanistic discovery and precision medicine target selection across both common and rare subtypes.