A multidisciplinary review examined the accelerating field of targeted protein degradation and its broader implications for health, ecology and species biology. The authors mapped how modalities such as PROTACs and molecular glues selectively eliminate pathological proteins and explored off‑target and long‑term effects across cellular and organismal systems. The paper emphasizes translational opportunities and cautions on species‑level impacts if degrader modalities enter widespread environmental pathways. For readers: targeted protein degradation uses small molecules to tag disease‑causing proteins for cellular disposal rather than inhibiting their activity.