Monash University researchers have developed a targeted mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system that improves cell specificity, overcoming a key limitation of conventional LNPs which lack cell targeting beyond vaccines. By embedding nanobodies into nanoparticle surfaces to anchor antibodies, the platform achieves adaptable targeting to diverse cell types, enabling delivery of therapeutic mRNAs at lower doses. Potential applications include cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune disease treatments, in vivo CAR-T generation, and gene editing, while addressing challenges like off-target delivery to liver and phagocytes remain.