Researchers published an intelligent design framework for adeno‑associated virus (AAV) vectors that dynamically respond to tumor microenvironment cues to improve targeting and intratumoral delivery. The approach engineers AAV tropism and payload expression to activate selectively within tumor niches, addressing longstanding delivery barriers in oncology gene therapy. Preclinical data showed increased tumor infiltration and specificity versus standard AAVs. The tumor microenvironment (TME) refers to the cellular and molecular milieu surrounding tumors that influences therapy response.