Recent studies uncover critical genetic and molecular mechanisms across various cancers that have therapeutic implications. Investigations revealed microRNA links to peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer, and novel biomarkers for liver fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma. Pan-cancer analyses identified EGFLAM protein’s prognostic role and CYP26A1’s connection to folate metabolism in colorectal cancer. Additionally, breakthroughs highlight molecular distinctions in breast cancer subtypes and new immunotherapy targets including DLK1 in adrenocortical carcinoma and YWHAB in ovarian cancer metastasis. These findings pave avenues for precision oncology and targeted therapy developments.