New data from phase 3 Evoke and Evoke+ trials showed oral semaglutide did not slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and translational studies reported the drug’s peripheral anti‑inflammatory effects did not translate to the brain. Novo Nordisk presented topline results; academic teams and conference presentations dissected pathobiology and trial execution. The null findings force a recalibration of GLP‑1 programs in neurodegeneration and will push researchers to refine hypotheses about central penetration, target engagement and timing. Companies pursuing neuroprotective strategies will weigh these findings when designing next‑generation candidates and combination approaches.