Neuroscience and bioethics experts convened to debate the ethical and societal implications of rapidly advancing human neural organoid and assembloid research. Participants, including Sergiu Pasca and Henry Greely, highlighted regulatory gaps: organoids are neither clearly human nor animal in current oversight frameworks, raising consent, transplantation, and long‑term stewardship questions. Panelists discussed donor consent models, thresholds for neural complexity, and risks around transplantation and integration studies. The meeting emphasized iterative governance: adaptive policies tied to scientific metrics and public engagement. Stakeholders urged harmonized standards for reporting, data sharing, and oversight pathways to enable responsible translational progress. Funders and institutional review boards will need to work with regulators to craft proportionate rules that balance innovation with societal values and donor protections.