Nature Medicine retracted a high-profile Chinese lung cancer paper that claimed immunotherapy timing—before 3 p.m.—could dramatically improve survival. The journal cited unresolved concerns about the study’s integrity and confidence in the results, following public scrutiny over data transparency and trial record inconsistencies. The Lungtime-C01 study, published in February, had suggested that giving PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy earlier in the day improved progression-free and overall survival versus later administration. After the paper’s publication, researchers flagged anomalies including improbably complete accrual patterns, protocol discrepancies, and irregularities consistent with questions about randomization and outcome recording. The retraction underscores how evidence reliability issues can quickly reverse clinical discourse, and it adds pressure on journals and research teams to maintain locked protocols, transparent records, and reproducible documentation for high-impact claims.