New insights into female reproductive biology and therapeutic options emerge. Kuntai capsules activate AMPK-associated autophagy to enhance ovarian function, highlighting traditional medicine applications. Stem cell-derived pancreatic beta cells and ovarian tissue transplantation offer promising advances in diabetes treatment and fertility preservation respectively. Furthermore, proteins SKAP2 and Cortactin are critical in ovarian and oocyte maturation processes, providing molecular targets for future fertility interventions.