Care pathways are being reshaped by both regulation and supportive-care evidence. California’s new latent TB screening mandate triggered a measurable testing increase through an EHR algorithm, but a care-cascade analysis showed treatment initiation lagged—fewer than one in four eligible patients with positive results started therapy. The disconnect highlights how mandates can increase testing without guaranteeing downstream linkage. In oncology supportive care, broader evidence continues to build on how to reduce symptoms and complications without overpromising. A nurse-led multimodal rehabilitation program in brain tumor patients improved swallowing function and quality of life versus conventional care, reinforcing rehab as a clinical lever rather than a purely supportive add-on. The combined message is operational: policymakers and trial designers need to pair diagnostic or supportive interventions with execution details (follow-up, adherence, clinician review loops) to convert process changes into clinical outcomes. For biotech stakeholders, these findings are a reminder that product success increasingly depends on care-pathway fit—where diagnostic tools, supportive programs, and treatment start rates determine real-world impact.