Emerging proteomic methods are reshaping biomedical research and precision oncology. Spatial proteomics, recognized as Nature’s 2024 Method of the Year, enables detailed disease progression and therapeutic response mapping aided by efforts like the Human Protein Atlas. Complementing this, lifespan proteomic profiling across multiple human tissues reveals age-related protein shifts, establishing organ-specific aging clocks and blood signatures. These insights deepen understanding of aging and disease mechanisms, offering avenues for advanced diagnostics and targeted treatments.