Nature Biotechnology and Stanford reports unveiled complementary advances in protein sequencing. One team described a single‑molecule peptide sequencing approach that converts amino acids into amplifiable DNA barcodes for high‑throughput reads. Stanford researchers published an orthogonal method improving precision and scalability of protein decoding. Together these technologies target a long‑standing barrier in proteomics—direct, high‑throughput sequence readout at scale—and promise to accelerate biomarker discovery, immunopeptidomics and proteome‑wide characterization for drug discovery and diagnostics.