Recent studies presented at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) highlight significant prenatal and reproductive health risks linked to environmental and biological factors. Research from San Francisco reveals associations between prenatal exposure to chemical pollutants and psychosocial stressors with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Another study identifies paternal age as a critical factor affecting miscarriage rates and live birth success in donor egg IVF cycles, challenging prior assumptions about male reproductive aging. Complementing these findings, a simple first-trimester blood test has been shown to predict preeclampsia months before symptoms, advancing early prenatal care practices. Collectively, these findings deepen understanding of prenatal and reproductive risk factors and diagnostic potential.