Researchers at UT MD Anderson reported in Science that psilocybin prevented chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mouse models. The team reported durable protection across multiple chemotherapy cycles while preserving tumor-killing effects. The study found that as few as two psilocybin doses given before chemotherapy prevented nerve injury associated with platinum-based regimens, and the mechanism centered on serotonin receptor signaling tied to mitochondrial trafficking preservation. Investigators described the work as neuroprotective, rather than symptomatic treatment after neuropathy develops. If translated, the findings could open a new preventive option for CIPN—an adverse effect that can force dose reductions or discontinuation. The study also adds mechanistic depth to ongoing clinical interest in psychedelics beyond psychiatric indications.