A new tumor-derived organoid biobank created and publicly characterized 256 clinically annotated organoid models spanning colorectal, oesophageal, ovarian, pancreatic, and gastric cancers, paired with multi-omics profiling and functional screens. The resource integrates whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, plus genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screening in hundreds of organoids. Investigators used organoid experiments to map gene dependencies and identify both common and rare subtype vulnerabilities, including targetable pathways after tumor evolution in paired pre- and post-treatment samples. The dataset described an example in colorectal cancer where interrogation of the EGFR–RAS–MAPK axis revealed differential effects by KRAS variant allele. The report frames the biobank as an answer to limitations of standard cell lines—namely lack of patient-linked context and adaptation artifacts in vitro—while also extending beyond expensive xenograft infrastructure. For precision oncology teams, the availability of a systematic dependency map supports target validation and prioritization tied to patient genomics.