Researchers led by Professor Gao Caixia of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have pioneered Programmable Chromosome Engineering (PCE), achieving kilobase to megabase-scale precise genome modifications in eukaryotic systems, particularly plants. This platform overcomes previous setbacks in Cre-Lox recombination via asymmetric Lox sites, enhanced recombinase engineering with AiCE models, and scarless editing strategies using prime editors. These advances herald a new era of chromosomal engineering with potential applications in biotechnology and agriculture.