Emerging research continues to illuminate the pervasive presence and biological impact of micro- and nanoplastics. Innovative analytical techniques such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) now enable precise quantification of these particles in human blood. Advances in microplastic extraction methods improve environmental sampling from soil and water. Studies highlight toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on lung cells and algae, and behavioral research documents parents' perceptions of risks. These multifaceted insights emphasize the growing importance of understanding plastic pollutants at environmental and human health interfaces.