The University of Nebraska conducted a landmark clinical trial administering allogeneic CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy (azercabtagene zapreleucel) to a patient with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), representing a world-first application of CAR T in this neurodegenerative autoimmune disease. Designed to target overactive immune cells in the central nervous system, this off-the-shelf treatment aims to control progressive MS forms that lack effective therapies. Early patient reports reflect functional improvements, heralding potential new avenues in MS management.