An international team presented groundbreaking insights into immune responses in pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation at the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Congress 2025. The study elucidates the complex cellular interplay governing graft acceptance and rejection, marking a transformative step toward clinical application of xenotransplantation. These findings lay foundational knowledge necessary to overcome immunological barriers and advance organ transplant alternatives amid donor shortages.