A team published in Nature traced immune responses over 61 days after transplanting a genetically engineered pig kidney into a brain‑dead human decedent and identified the cellular drivers of rejection. Investigators performed extensive multi‑omic profiling of tissue and blood samples and found both antibody‑mediated and T‑cell mechanisms drove graft injury. Critically, the researchers reversed rejection using a combination of drugs already approved by the FDA to dampen both antibody and T‑cell activity, and reported no permanent loss of kidney function following intervention. Robert Montgomery, MD, PhD (NYU Grossman), who led the study, said the findings map actionable immune pathways and materially de‑risk steps toward controlled trials in living humans.