Several studies address critical challenges in pediatric and neonatal care. A predictive model identifies risk factors for plastic bronchitis in children with severe pneumonia, aiming to improve early detection and treatment. Research reveals racial disparities adversely affecting neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy outcomes. Liposomal iron supplementation proves effective in improving development in iron-deficient children. Innovative hours-based staff scheduling in neonatal intensive care units proposes enhanced patient outcomes and staff wellbeing. These findings could influence clinical protocols and healthcare delivery in vulnerable pediatric populations.