Recent pediatric studies have yielded critical insights into conditions ranging from preterm infant care to pediatric cancer. Researchers secured a $20.8 million NIAID grant to develop an HIV pediatric vaccine. Studies on feeding outcomes of preterm infants discharged with feeding tubes and lung and cardiac imaging metrics provide new tools to optimize neonatal care. Furthermore, novel research has advanced understanding of pediatric germ cell tumors and psychosocial recovery following PICU hospitalization, highlighting the complexity and importance of early life interventions.