Emerging research is shedding light on Parkinson’s disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies. Studies reveal that glymphatic system asymmetry correlates with the side of symptom onset, illuminating disease pathology. New findings also identify distinct molecular pathways in the nigral and cortical regions using the rotenone model. Concurrently, pilot studies demonstrate the safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients, while theta-frequency deep brain stimulation shows potential cognitive benefits, advancing the understanding and treatment of this complex neurodegenerative disorder.