Recent research unveils key mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease, linking glymphatic system asymmetry to symptom lateralization, and distinguishing distinct pathways in nigral and cortical brain regions. Theta-frequency deep brain stimulation enhances conflict resolution, offering new therapeutic strategies. Fecal microbiota transplantation shows safety in a pilot study, implicating the gut-brain axis in disease modulation. These findings deepen understanding of Parkinson’s pathophysiology and open avenues for innovative interventions.