New Parkinson’s disease research highlights drug repurposing opportunities through integrative multi-omics analysis revealing memory-enhancing effects of meclofenoxate hydrochloride. Studies further classify early Parkinson’s into data-driven subtypes based on deep gray matter atrophy and dopamine availability, elucidating clinical correlates. Task-based fNIRS imaging determines neural bases of dysexecutive and visuospatial impairments in patients with mild cognitive impairment, advancing understanding of disease pathology and potential biomarkers.