NASA’s Artemis II included astronaut bone marrow housed in organ-chip format, and researchers are now using the material to study how radiation and microgravity affect the body at molecular scale. The program is aimed at future missions where organ chips could be delivered ahead of crews to help predict individual physiological responses to the Moon’s environment and support personalized medical preparedness. While still early in translation, the work links spaceflight exposure with experimental platform development that could inform biomedical risk modeling and countermeasure planning.