Two late‑stage reads sharpen competition in multiple sclerosis. Genentech signaled plans to file an NDA after fenebrutinib produced a phase III noninferiority win against ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) in primary progressive MS, moving the oral Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor toward regulatory submission. Roche detailed ACTRIMS data showing its BTK inhibitor reduced disability progression relative to ocrelizumab, reinforcing the modality’s potential to change MS care. BTK inhibitors target B‑cell signaling and innate immune pathways — a mechanism distinct from anti‑CD20 antibodies and with potential oral dosing advantages. Companies will press regulatory dossiers and broader relapsing MS readouts; payers and clinicians will scrutinize comparative safety and long‑term disability outcomes as oral BTK agents compete with established monoclonal antibody therapies.