Cancer research progresses with targeted molecular insights and therapeutic strategies. Novel BTK inhibitors initiate apoptosis in tumor cells, providing promising avenues for hematological malignancies. Studies uncover gene drivers like SPANXB1 facilitating breast cancer brain metastasis, identifying metformin as a modulator. Biomarker discovery advances with hsa_circ_0000419 linked to esophageal cancer diagnosis and circ_0020850 serving as stroke recovery indicators. These developments refine precision oncology, improving prognostics and personalized interventions.