Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec delivered high complete response rates in a phase III BOND-003 Cohort C study in BCG-unresponsive, high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer with carcinoma in situ. Reported in The Lancet Oncology by Tyson et al., the single-arm trial showed complete responses in 75% of patients, exceeding a prespecified historical benchmark. Among responders, many outcomes were maintained through two years, with treatment-related adverse events reported as predominantly mild and transient. The results support a differentiated checkpoint-free, intravesical oncolytic approach in a setting where durable options remain limited after BCG failure.