A Cellular Oncology study found that glutarylation of XRCC4 promotes its degradation and increases breast cancer cell sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. By changing the stability of a key DNA repair protein, the modification appears to reprogram how tumor cells respond to therapy. In parallel, a machine-learning signature approach linked histone deacetylase subtypes to liver cancer prognosis while reflecting distinct immune microenvironment phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma. The modeling strategy supports stratification use cases for clinical decision-making. These reports highlight a dual push in oncology: improving treatment response through mechanistic sensitization and improving patient selection through multi-gene immune-linked prognostic signatures.