Two AI‑driven collaborations advanced tissue biomarker discovery: Nucleai partnered with the University of Glasgow to develop multimodal spatial biomarkers for colorectal cancer and risk stratification, while BostonGene teamed with Kyoto University to integrate genomic and transcriptomic data for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Both efforts combine spatial proteomics/transcriptomics and clinical cohorts to identify predictive signatures for therapy response. These public‑private research alliances aim to accelerate translational biomarkers that inform trial design and patient selection. Clarification: spatial biology maps molecular signals to tissue architecture, enabling detection of cell‑cell interactions that standard bulk assays miss.