New therapeutic candidates and molecular insights emerge across various disease areas. Small molecule Kushneria pigments induce cancer cell apoptosis through BAX/BCL-2 modulation. CDK inhibitors enhance neuroblastoma differentiation and retinoic acid sensitivity. Advances in GTPase KRAS mutant inhibitors and USP1 inhibitors target cancer pathways. Antibody-drug conjugates aimed at TROP2 and Cadherin-17 enter preclinical development. These discoveries may lead to innovative treatments for cancer and parasitic infections.