Biotech companies advance innovative medicines targeting metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Altimmune’s phase IIb trial of the GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis showed mixed results, confirming weight loss potential but with partial endpoints unmet, triggering a steep stock downturn. Vor Bio pivots to autoimmune indications by licensing telitacicept, a fusion protein approved in China for neuromuscular and autoimmune diseases, supported by a $175 million private placement. Additionally, Karolinska Institute and Atrogi AB developed a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist mimicking exercise to control diabetes and obesity without appetite suppression or muscle loss, highlighting emerging diverse therapeutic mechanisms for complex chronic diseases.