Multiple studies unveil innovative therapeutic targets and biomarkers shaping future cancer treatments. B3GNT5 has been identified as a regulator of EMT, MET, and chemoresistance mechanisms, influencing tumor progression. Researchers introduce a new nomogram integrating clinical and blood markers to predict lung cancer immunotherapy success, enabling personalized approaches. Furthermore, agents such as genistein enhance Toll-like receptor 3-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer, offering novel immunomodulatory strategies. These advances embody strides toward precision oncology, improving treatment selection and efficacy.