Recent studies unveil promising molecular targets and therapies shaping oncology. Regeneron secured FDA approval for bispecific Lynozyfic in multiple myeloma with improved dosing flexibility. New molecular axes in colorectal and ovarian cancers enhance immunotherapy efficacy. Advances include microRNA biomarkers in gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis and circulating tumor cells predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Insights into immune cell subpopulations driving therapy resistance and tumor progression contribute to personalized interventions.