Recent breakthroughs in diagnostics offer improved disease detection and management strategies. Northwestern University introduced the NIH Baby Toolbox, enabling early infant developmental assessment from 16 days old. New gut microbiome analytical methods at the University of Geneva enable early colorectal cancer detection with high precision. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed PLATO, a patient-reported outcome tool for obstructive sleep apnea monitoring. Additionally, novel assays detect neuronal alpha-synuclein aggregations implicated in Parkinson’s disease, enhancing early diagnosis capabilities.