A clinical milestone has been achieved at Ruhr-University Bochum with the first successful application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to treat chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), a debilitating autoimmune disease of the peripheral nerves. Patients received autologous T cells engineered to target CD19-positive pathogenic B cells, resulting in halted disease progression and improved neurological function. This pioneering implementation, published in The Lancet Neurology, demonstrates the expansion of CAR T immunotherapy beyond hematologic malignancies to spearhead precision treatment options for refractory autoimmune neuropathies.