Multiple studies have identified novel biomarkers and molecular targets with potential clinical impact. Notably, circulating tumor cells predict liver cancer recurrence post-surgery, and CYP26A1 serves as a key folate metabolism target in colorectal cancer. A machine learning CT radiomics model can differentiate between liver tumor types preoperatively, while microRNAs miR-9 and miR-106a levels correlate with peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer. In ovarian cancer, HRD testing advances precision therapy selection, and molecular signatures in synovial biopsies forecast rheumatoid arthritis treatment response, marking significant steps in personalized medicine.