Cutting-edge research is redefining strategies against infectious diseases and parasitic infections. Studies reveal cannabis extracts effectively combat hydatid disease, and novel bacteriophages target antibiotic-resistant extraintestinal E. coli clones. Investigations into bacterial dynamics during oil biodegradation and the application of probiotic bacterial strains mark environmental and health-focused breakthroughs. Additionally, bioactive compounds from Paenibacillus dendritiformis exhibit antibacterial properties, broadening the scope for natural and microbial-based therapeutic approaches in infection control and agricultural biosecurity.