Novartis has entered a significant licensing and collaboration agreement with Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, investing $200 million upfront for rights to ARO-SNCA, a preclinical siRNA therapy targeting alpha-synuclein implicated in Parkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies. The deal may total over $2 billion with milestones and royalties. Arrowhead will conduct preclinical development, and Novartis will handle clinical and commercialization efforts. This reflects Novartis' continued commitment to RNA interference therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases amid challenges in developing effective Parkinson’s treatments.