Researchers built an open, publicly available tumor organoid biobank comprising 256 clinically annotated models spanning colorectal, oesophageal, ovarian, pancreatic and gastric cancers, with genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screens across 162 organoids. The resource links patient genomics and clinical context to gene dependencies, including targetable pathway vulnerabilities revealed through functional and pharmacological interrogation, such as the EGFR–RAS–MAPK axis across KRAS variant alleles in colorectal cancer.