Recent studies Illuminate mechanisms underpinning cancer and immune responses. Research from Rockefeller University identified a mitochondrial antioxidant pivotal to breast cancer metastasis, while Moffitt Cancer Center revealed effective combination therapies against drug-resistant melanoma. Advances include mapping kinase mutations in oral squamous carcinoma and detailed molecular portraits in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma. Computational and digital pathology tools are enhancing prognostic precision, providing novel strategies for patient stratification and therapeutic optimization across diverse malignancies.