An international research collaboration revealed crucial immune mechanisms following pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation, illuminating pathways of cellular response that govern graft acceptance and rejection. Presented at the European Society for Organ Transplantation Congress 2025, these findings offer foundational knowledge advancing xenotransplantation as a feasible solution to organ shortages. The study emphasizes the complex interplay of immune cells in cross-species transplantation and provides a roadmap for clinical translation of genetically engineered pig organs.