Cutting-edge studies outline progress in immunotherapeutic strategies and cancer biomarker discovery. Innovations include CAR macrophages generated in situ via mRNA extracellular vesicles to target lung metastasis, epigenetic characterizations of colorectal cancer immune landscapes linked to KRAS mutations, and dual-gene targeting molecules silencing ‘undruggable’ KRAS and MYC in tumors. Additionally, novel prognostic biomarkers such as Zinc Finger Protein 683 and B-aggressive lymphoma proteins advance cancer diagnosis and personalized therapies.